May 15, 2008 – Thursday
Atlanta Georgia
www.privateofficer.com
adminassist@privateofficer.com
SEVERE WEATHER FACTS AND SAFETY TIPS
From The Offices of The National Association of Private Officers-Emergency Response Unit
Currently, we are in the midst of one of the most deadliest tornado seasons in many years. Severe weather outbreaks, storm related deaths and property damage seem to be at an all time record high and many people are not familiar with weather or weather terms.
Because of our active tornado season and the soon approaching hurricane season for those of us who live along the coast, we want to go over the weather facts, terms and safety tips that you can use to keep your family safe.
All thunderstorms are dangerous. Every thunderstorm produces lightning. In the United States, an average of 300 people are injured and 80 people are killed each year by lightning. Although most lightning victims survive, people struck by lightning often report a variety of long-term, debilitating symptoms. Other associated dangers of thunderstorms include tornadoes, strong winds, hail, and flash flooding. Flash flooding is responsible for more fatalities—more than 140 annually—than any other thunderstorm-associated hazard.
Dry thunderstorms that do not produce rain that reaches the ground are most prevalent in the western United States. Falling raindrops evaporate, but lightning can still reach the ground and can start wildfires.
THUNDER AND LIGHTNING STORMS
Facts About Lightning
Lightning’s unpredictability increases the risk to individuals and property.
Lightning often strikes outside of heavy rain and may occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall.
“Heat lightning” is actually lightning from a thunderstorm too far away for thunder to be heard. However, the storm may be moving in your direction!
Most lightning deaths and injuries occur when people are caught outdoors in the summer months during the afternoon and evening.
Your chances of being struck by lightning are estimated to be 1 in 600,000, but could be reduced even further by following safety precautions.
Lightning strike victims carry no electrical charge and should be attended to immediately.
SAFETY TIPS
When there are signs of an approaching storm, signs of lightning or sounds of thunder , you must take immediate cover.
If you are caught outdoors in an approaching storm, seek shelter in a building or a vehicle. The tires of the vehicle make excellent protection from potential lightning strikes.
NEVER stand under trees. Lightning may strike the tree and travel across branches or ground to you.
NEVER stand near ponds, lakes, or any water source including on wet grass. The electricity from the storm is attracted to these areas.
Facts About Thunderstorms
They may occur singly, in clusters, or in lines.
Some of the most severe occur when a single thunderstorm affects one location for an extended time.
Thunderstorms typically produce heavy rain for a brief period, anywhere from 3 0 minutes to an hour.
Warm, humid conditions are highly favorable for thunderstorm development.
About 10 percent of thunderstorms are classified as severe—one that produces hail at least three-quarters of an inch in diameter, has winds of 58 miles per hour or higher, or produces a tornado
TORNADOS
Tornado Watch Tornadoes are possible. Remain alert for approaching storms. Watch the sky and stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Tornado Warning A tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Take shelter immediately
Tornadoes are nature’s most violent storms. Spawned from powerful thunderstorms, tornadoes can cause fatalities and devastate a neighborhood in seconds. A tornado appears as a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling winds that can reach 300 miles per hour. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. Every state is at some risk from this hazard.
Some tornadoes are clearly visible, while rain or nearby low-hanging clouds obscure others. Occasionally, tornadoes develop so rapidly that little, if any, advance warning is possible.
Before a tornado hits, the wind may die down and the air may become very still. A cloud of debris can mark the location of a tornado even if a funnel is not visible. Tornadoes generally occur near the trailing edge of a thunderstorm. It is not uncommon to see clear, sunlit skies behind a tornado.
The following are facts about tornadoes:
They may strike quickly, with little or no warning.
They may appear nearly transparent until dust and debris are picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel.
The average tornado moves Southwest to Northeast, but tornadoes have been known to move in any direction.
The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 MPH, but may vary from stationary to 70 MPH.
Tornadoes can accompany tropical storms and hurricanes as they move onto land.
Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water.
Tornadoes are most frequently reported east of the Rocky Mountains during spring and summer months.
Peak tornado season in the southern states is March through May; in the northern states, it is late spring through early summer.
Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m., but can occur at any time.
Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or to commercial radio or television newscasts for the latest information.
Look for approaching storms
Look for the following danger signs:
Dark, often greenish sky
Large hail
A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating)
Loud roar, similar to a freight train.
SAFETY TIPS
If you are in a structure; house, school, office building etc:
Go to a pre-designated shelter area such as a safe room, basement, storm cellar, or the lowest building level. If there is no basement, go to the center of an interior room on the lowest level (closet, interior hallway) away from corners, windows, doors, and outside walls. Put as many walls as possible between you and the outside. Get under a sturdy table and use your arms to protect your head and neck. Do not open windows
If you’re in a trailer, mobile home or a vehicle:
Get out immediately and go to the lowest floor of a sturdy, nearby building or a storm shelter. Mobile homes, even if tied down, offer little protection from tornadoes.
If you are outside with no shelter available:
Lie flat in a nearby ditch or depression and cover your head with your hands. Be aware of the potential for flooding.Do not get under an overpass or bridge. You are safer in a low, flat location. Never try to outrun a tornado in urban or congested areas in a car or truck. Instead, leave the vehicle immediately for safe shelter.Watch out for flying debris. Flying debris from tornadoes causes most fatalities and injuries
Hurricane
Familiarize yourself with these terms to help identify a hurricane hazard:
Tropical Depression: An organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 MPH (33 knots) or less. Sustained winds are defined as one-minute average wind measured at about 33 ft (10 meters) above the surface.
Tropical Storm: An organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39–73 MPH (34–63 knots).
Hurricane: An intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well-defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 MPH (64 knots) or higher.
Storm Surge: A dome of water pushed onshore by hurricane and tropical storm winds. Storm surges can reach 25 feet high and be 50–1000 miles wide.
Storm Tide: A combination of storm surge and the normal tide (i.e., a 15-foot storm surge combined with a 2-foot normal high tide over the mean sea level created a 17-foot storm tide).
Hurricane/Tropical Storm WatchHurricane/tropical storm conditions are possible in the specified area, usually within 36 hours. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Hurricane/Tropical Storm WarningHurricane/tropical storm conditions are expected in the specified area, usually within 24 hours.
Short Term Watches and Warnings These warnings provide detailed information about specific hurricane threats, such as flash floods and tornadoes.
Before a Hurricane
To prepare for a hurricane, you should take the following measures:
Make plans to secure your property. Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection for windows. A second option is to board up windows with 5/8″ marine plywood, cut to fit and ready to install. Tape does not prevent windows from breaking.
Install straps or additional clips to securely fasten your roof to the frame structure. This will reduce roof damage.
Be sure trees and shrubs around your home are well trimmed.
Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.
Determine how and where to secure your boat.
Consider building a safe room.
During a Hurricane
If a hurricane is likely in your area, you should:
Listen to the radio or TV for information.
Secure your home, close storm shutters, and secure outdoor objects or bring them indoors.
Turn off utilities if instructed to do so. Otherwise, turn the refrigerator thermostat to its coldest setting and keep its doors closed.
Turn off propane tanks.· Avoid using the phone, except for serious emergencies.
Moor your boat if time permits.
Ensure a supply of water for sanitary purposes such as cleaning and flushing toilets. Fill the bathtub and other large containers with water.
You should evacuate under the following conditions:
If you are directed by local authorities to do so. Be sure to follow their instructions.
If you live in a mobile home or temporary structure—such shelters are particularly hazardous during hurricanes no matter how well fastened to the ground.
If you live in a high-rise building—hurricane winds are stronger at higher elevations.
If you live on the coast, on a floodplain, near a river, or on an inland waterway.
If you feel you are in danger.
If you are unable to evacuate, go to your safe room. If you do not have one, follow these guidelines:
Stay indoors during the hurricane and away from windows and glass doors.
Close all interior doors—secure and brace external doors.
Keep curtains and blinds closed. Do not be fooled if there is a lull; it could be the eye of the storm – winds will pick up again.
Take refuge in a small interior room, closet, or hallway on the lowest level.
Lie on the floor under a table or another sturdy object.
Disaster Safety Kits
We recommend that you have 2 disaster survival kits. Both can be packed in a backpack.
Survival Kit One
This kit will be used for basic thunder and lightning storms, straight line winds and ice and snow storms.
In this kit you need to pack;
FIRST AID KIT-This needs to contain guaze, band-aids, scissors,large guaze pads, etc.
LIGHT SORCE-such as flashlights, flashlight batteries, battery powered laterns or light sticks
NEVER use candles for your light source!
BOTTLE WATER-Enough to sustain you and anyone lese in your family for 24 hours.
SNACKS- Candy bars, trail mix, nuts something to curb your hunger should the power go off
And of course, you should also have your battery operated AM/FM Radio
and your battery operated Weather Radio and a cellphone
This kit provides the basic neccasities in the event that the wind or thunderstorms knocks out power for a few hours. You’ll have basic supplies to last until power is restored.
Survival Kit Two
This survival kit is meant to sustain you during much harsher weather conditions including tornados and hurricanes.
FIRST AID KIT-This needs to contain guaze, band-aids, scissors,large guaze pads, etc.
LIGHT SORCE-such as flashlights, flashlight batteries, battery powered laterns or light sticks
NEVER use candles for your light source!
BOTTLE WATER-Enough to sustain you and anyone lese in your family for 72 hours.
FOOD-Enough to sustain everyone in your group for at least 72 hours. food items should include non-perishables such as crackers, tuna, peperroni sticks,cereals,snacks,can food that requires no cooking
Be sure to include a can opener!
Also include:
Prescription medications and glasses
Infant formula and diapers
Pet food and extra water for your pet
Important family documents such as copies of insurance policies, identification and bank account records in a waterproof, portable container
Cash or traveler’s checks and change
Emergency reference material such as a first aid book
Matches in a waterproof container
Feminine supplies and personal hygiene items
Mess kits, paper cups, plates and plastic utensils, paper towels
Paper and pencil
Books, games, puzzles or other activities for children
You may also want to keep several tarps and plywood sheets available to cover any damage to your roof.